Mercaptals of long chain hydrocarbon aldehydes and long chain hydrocarbon mercaptans



United ttes MERCAPTALS OF LONG CHAIN HYDROCARBON ALDEHYDES AND LONG CHAIN HYDROCAR- BON MERCAPTANS David W. Young, West- No Drawing. Application May 29, 1953 Serial N0. 358,572

5 Claims. (Cl. 260-609) The present invention relates to organic materials useful as synthetic lubricants, anti-oxidants and for various other purposes. More specifically, the invention pertains to improved synthetic materials having excellent lubricating, oxidation-inhibiting, plasticizing and other desirable properties and to methods for making these materials. In its broadest aspect, the invention provides for new and improved lubricants, anti-oxidants and other valuable materials, such as extreme pressure agents,'plas'ti cizers, etc., which comprise mercaptals.

Prior to the present invention it has been suggested to use certain synthetic oils, particularly various esters of dibasic aliphatic acids as oil constituents for greases, engine oils,- ext'reme pressure lubricants and related materials. While lubricants prepared on the basis of these esters have highlydesirable lubricating qualities as well as excellent high and low temperature characteristics, many of these esters are easily hydrolyzed. zlthas also been proposed heretofore to use mercaptals ,of',chloral as extreme pressure lubricants. However, the field of available raw materials for all -these products is rather limited. In view of the rapidly increasing den1and for synthetic lubricating oils in many "fields,a broadening of the raw material basis is highly desirable. Similar conditions prevail in the field of plasticizers, anti-oxidants, extreme pressure agents and relatedmaterials.

It has now been round that abroad class of normally iiquid mercaptals having at least lliandup to about 130 carbon atoms per-molecule maybe suhstituted'rtr mineral oil fractions and synthetic oils of the type described 2,874,192 Patented Feb. 17, 1959 about 36 Saybolt seconds, Universal, at 210 F. have been found to be most suitable as lubricating oil bases. Mercaptals suitable for the purposes of the present invention may be prepared by applying well known reactions between aldehyde and mercaptan groups to such compounds carrying these groups as will yield, upon condensation, mercaptals suitable for the purposes of the invention. For example, compounds bearing mercaptan and aldehyde groups may be combined under the action of suitable catalyst, such as a strong acid, e. g. sodium acid sulfate, sulfonic acids, hydrogen chloride, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, the phosphorus acids, trichloroacetic acid or boron fluoride or the like and normally, though not necessarily, at temperatures of about 80 347 F. Sulfuric acid should be used with care because of its oxidizingeltect on mercaptans. The basic reaction may be illustrated by the general equation wherein R and R are either the same or difierent hydrocarbon, alcohol, ester, ether or thioether radicals.

I Thealdehydes may-be used in the form of monomers or polymers, such as paraldehyde, paraformaldehyde, etc. Mixtures of different aldehydes may also be used. The mercaptan compounds may be used individually or in the form of mixtures derived from synthetic sources or natural sources, such as petroleum. 'Mercaptans may also he formed by the reduction of disulfides .or polysulfides in situ during the 'mercaptal formation.

' Another method of preparing mercaptals suitable for the nrrposes of 'the invention involves the reaction of ditmlorodimetl'lyl ether with compounds containing :mer-

"capto' groups or mercaptoand. alcohol groups, under the inflhe'rlceof heat or in the presenceof various bases.

above in the production of lubricants, anti-oxidants, plasticizers and for various other uses. The ter nr mercaptal as used herein refers to compounds containing .an SCH -X- group wherein X is either. asulfur .or oxygen atom. These mercaptals have excellent lubricating qualities and combine relatively high boiling points with desirably low pour' points, high flash .p dints, ,low viscosity-temperature coefficients, highcher'nical stability, good load carrying capacity and oxidatiominhibiting characteristics.

The mercaptals which may be used forthe purposes of the invention have the general formula wherein X is either a sulfur or oxygen atom and "y is an integer from 1-10. A and B are 'either'the same or different organic radicals, such as hydrocarbon, alcohol, ester, ether or thio-ether radicals having l-60 carbon atoms. While this broadagroupofcompounds;hasutility points above about 300 F. and .a-viscosity of at least In these reactions the Rs need not be similar. They may be simple hydrocarbon groups or, any combination of reduced or oxidized hydrocarbon groups that hold a hydroxylor sulfhydryl group as shown. Both alcohols and mercaptans may be primary, secondary or tertiary.

In accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention, the mercaptals-used have branched-chain radicals R, R, A and/ or B. Thus, it has been found that good results are consistently obtained when using a group of new mercaptals which are derived from the product or by-product aldehydes known @Oxo synthesis. This process involves the cata'lytic reaction of olefins with carbon monoxide and hydrogen at elevated temperatures of about 300"-400 F. and pressures of about 2500104000 p.;s. i. g. to form, particularly in the presence of cobalt catalysts, aldehydes having one carbon atom more than the olefin originally used. The aldehyde may be catalytically hydrogenated to the corresponding alcohol whichis recovered as over- :head product by distillation of theureactionmixture. The

a mixture averaging 1 carbon atom more than the'olefin originally fed to the 0x0 synthesis. It has been found and/or :alcohols of the well that these aldehydes and alcohols may be converted into new mercaptals of the general type defined above. Mercaptals derived from these Oxo products, having branchedchain hydrocarbon radicals containing at least 7, and preferably 10-20, carbon atoms each are preferred for the purposes of the present invention.

Novel mercaptals having excellent properties for the purposes of the invention may be derived from x0- aldehydes or Oxo-alcohols produced by reacting polymers and copolymers of C and C mono-olefins in the presence of oxonation catalysts as described above. Particularly desirable are the trimer, tetramer and pentamer of propylene. Also, suitable mixtures of these mono olefins are readily available in refinery gases and processes for their conversion into liquid copolymers are well known in the art. In accordance with the most widely used of these processes, the olefins are contacted in liquid phase with a polymerization catalyst comprising phosphoric acid supported on kieselguhr. Other similar processes use as catalyst silica gel impregnated with phosphoric acid, or sulfuric acid, Friedel-Crafts catalysts, activated clays, and others. Polymerization conditions in the presence of phosphoric acid catalysts include temperatures of about 300-500 F. and pressures of about 250-5000 p. s. i. g. The olefinic feed stocks normally contain about 15-60 mol percent of propylene, about 05-50 mol percent of butylenes and from 01-10 mol percent of isobutylene, the remainder being saturated hydrocarbons having 24 carbon atoms per molecule. In place of or together with these olefin mixtures, homopolymers such as the dimer and trimer of isobutylene as well as tri, tetra and penta propylene may be used.

The composition and structure of the C Oxo-aldehyde obtained from a mixture of C olefins of the type described above and more specifically of C olefins derived from a refinery gas stream containing propylene and mixed normal and iso-butylenes are now well understood. This Oxo-aldehyde has the following analysis:

Structure of C5 Oxo-aldehyde Prepared From C3-C Percent copolyrner Heptenes P E CCC--OC- 3-H 29 o t E CCCC--CIJH O t t C-C-C-C-C-E-H 17 (I) CCC-CC-Ctfi-H 16 C 0CCC-(5C-(i-H Z CCC E--CCEH 2.3

(J C(|JCG-Of|2-H 1.4

2-alk l-aldeh des 4. 3 other y 5.0

Other Oxo-aldehydes are believed to have compositions generally analogous to that specified above, chain lengths and degree of branching depending onthe type of. olefins used. It is noted in this respect that even when pure straight-chain olefins are used as the starting materials, the aldehydes obtained consist at least to a substantial extent of branched-chain compounds. Oxo-alcohols are primary alcohols derived from Oxoaldehydes by simple hydrogenation.

Specific mercaptans from which the mercaptals of the invention may be prepared are listed below. This list is representative rather than exhaustive and the invention is not limited to the use of the mercaptans named.

Methyl mercaptan Ethyl mercaptan Isopropyl mercaptan t-Butyl mercaptan n-A'myl mercaptan 2-hexyl mercaptan n-Octyl mercaptan Oxo-octyl mercaptan n-Nonyl mercaptan n-Decyl mercaptan t-Dodecyl mercaptan t-Pentadecyl mercaptan n-Octadecyl mercaptan Beta-mercaptoethanol Ethyl Z-mercaptoethanoate Methyl S-mercaptopropanoate; iso octyl B-mercaptopropanoate 3-mercapto-1-propanol; l-mercapto-Z-propanol Oxo-decyl 3-mercaptopropionate Oxo-decyl mercaptan Oxo-tridecyl mercaptan Benzyl mercaptan Alpha-phenethyl mercaptan Beta-phenethyl mercaptan Phenyl mercaptan Examples of aldehydes suitable to be reacted with mercaptans of the type listed above to form the mercaptals of the invention are listed below.

Formaldehyde Acetaldehyde Propionaldehyde n-Butyraldehyde Isobutyraldehyde n-Valeraldehyde Oxo-octylaldehyde Capraldehyde Oxo-tridecanal Oxo-hexadecanal Alpha-hydroxyadipaldehyde Benzaldehyde Terephthalaldehyde 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl terephthalaldehyde Benzaldehyde Phenyl acetaldehyde Examples of mercaptals derived from simple mercaptans and various aldehydes and having utility as lubricating oil bases, plasticizers, and/or anti-oxidants, etc. are tabulated below together with some of their more important characteristics.

azersa,

JABQBLL Mercaptal Fromw Viscosity in cs. F. Pour, h.

Mercaptan Aldehyde 210 100- --40 65 Tertiary C12 Formaldehyde... .1

Normal Cron n.-.

Normal C The'following table indicates the, method of PIeparation used for the above mercaptals listed in Tabled; The reaction temperatures ranged lrorn about. 1 60"'-,

along with unsaturated rubbers, the cu're'rate-is advanced due to the presence of an active sulfur in the compounds. The-,mercaptals of Oxo:aldehydes may further be used 400 F. as hydraulic fluids and solvents and, under special condi B E. I

No Mercaptan Aldehyde Catalyst Entralner 1. 430 g. t-Cm. 30g. Parnforrnaldehyde 5 cc. cone. HCl -None. 2-.--- 258 g. n.Cm 37.5 g. 40% Formaldehyde do Do. 3--.. 202 g. 11-01:-.. d -do Do. 4--. 202 nn-C 2-.- 44 g. Paraldehyde 5 g.1 dp-toluene-sullonlc Do,

ac 5.-.... 202 g. t-C13. dO -Q e D0. 6 202 g. n-C 56 g. Propionaldehyd ...-do Do. 7 202 g. t(--.2 v... o 5 g. Sulfurlc'Acid Do. 8..." 292 g. n-CB 128 g; 2ethy1hexaldeh 5 g. dp-t luencsulionic Do.

aci 9..- 292 g. 11-05.. 320 g. 40% 0210 Gr aldehyde. Hexane 404 g.tC z do D0. 11...- 404 g. n-Ci2-- Do.

It will be noted that whe cap talis'. made from n-octyl rnercaptan and C 0x0 aldehydethefflash point is 395 F. When t-dodecyl mercaptan and C 0x aldehyde are combined to form a mercapt'al the resulting product has a flash point of"32 0;F. When the sulfur is substituted by oxygen, specifically in the combination of Z-ethylhexanol with 2-.ethylhexaldehyde to form an, acetal, the product appears to be less stable. Acetals in general appear to be less stable hydrolytically and ther-- mally although very similar in structure to mercaptals. Formulas are an exception to this rule. Generally, it aptals as shown by a high pears that stability among mercap flash point is particularly pronounced with those mercaptals that arederivedfrom normal mercaptans.

Some of the mercaptals are less suitable as lubricating oil bases because they lack satisfactory low temperature properties or, like those made-from primary mercaptans combined with formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and pro pionaldehyde, give mercaptals of excessively high pour points. These mercaptalsmaybeusecl as anti-oxidants and plasticizers. However, C aldehydes, such. as 2- ethylhexaldehydeand C Oxo aldehydesgiveproducts of exceptionally low pour-points. Arnong the simple mercaptals the most nearly ideal combination ofhigh and low temperature-properties required for lubricating oil bases is found in the mercaptal from n-octylmercaptan and C Oxoaldehyde. I

These special mercaptals of OX0 aldehydes, etc., such as the n-octyl mercaptal ofC Oxo aldehyde may also be blended with mineraloils, castor oil, other synthetic 'ester lubricating oils, such asdij-C 'Oxo alcohol adipate, etc., to form new lubricants for engine lubrication. They may also be compounded with pour point depresso'rs, V. I.

improvers, such as polymethacrylates and fumarat'ewinyl V oxidants, sludge dispersa s, "dee, etc. and extreme n tions, as heat exchange fluids. 'When used as antio ri 'dants, plasticizers, or other additive purposes, these mercaptals 'rnay be added in concentrations of, say, Q.Q01 10% by weight to mineralglubricating oils synthetic lubricating'oils of the ester, hydrocarbon, polymer, formal and other types, resins, synthetic rubbers, etc.

Those of the mercaptals which have beneficial lubricating oil qualities may be converted into greasestof excellent temperature and load-carrying characteristics. For this purpose, metal soapsof-high molecular weight fatty acids, soap-salt complexes of high molecular weightfa tty acids and'low molecular weight aliphatic acids or other conventional grease thickeners may be incorporated into these mercaptals in grease-making proportions by well known grease-making processes. l

A particular or preferred group of simple mercaptals suitable for the purposes of ,the invention may be made by coupling two molecules of an oxygenated mercapto compound usinga compound carrying a carbonyl group as thecoupling agent. The starting material may be a mercapto acid or its ester, rnercapto glycols and -polyglycols and their estersand ethers, including dibasici acid glycol esters, etc. The coupling agent may bean inexpensive'aldehyde such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde or an Oxo aldehyde. The 0x0 aldehyde moreover. need not be puresbut may be the crude product obtained in the Oxo process.

Mercaptals formed from these materials maybe illustratedby the general formulae given below. Rooc R-s-c s R-cooR, monohaSii facid-fistei mercaptal polyglycol ester mercaptal glycol ether mercaptal dibasic acid glycol ester mercaptal Specific examples include the following:

The production of this type of compounds will be described hereinafter using mercaptals made by coupling 2 moles of mercapto acid esters with aldehydes as examples. The .reactions involved are as follows:

RCH(S(CH ),,COOR) +H O or, the steps may be reversed as follows:

R and R may be alkyl or aryl groups, particularly branched-chain alkyl groups preferably derived from an Oxo product, while n may be an integer of 1-20. Ketones, keto acids and other carbonyl-substituted compounds may be used. The products obtained from ketones are of relatively lower stability than those de rived from aldehydes or hols, such as alpha-hydroxyadipaldehyde, unsaturated aldehydes such as acrolein and crotonaldehyde, aromatic aldehydes such as benzaldehyde and substituted benzaldehydes are within the scope of the invention.

The acids may include any acid which has a rnercapto (SH) group attached to carbon in place of one of its hydrogen atoms. The mercapto acid may be unsaturated or further substituted by groups other than the mercapto group, such as the halogens, ether groups, ester groups, nitro groups, and CN groups.

The alcohols used to esterify the mercapto acid are preferably Oxo alcohols because they give products of excellent pour points. However, tuted alcohol, such as'chloroethanol, aromatic alcohol or substituted aromatic alcohol, phenol or substituted phenol may be used to form the ester.

The mercaptal ester may be formed from the mercaptal acid, mercaptal acid chloride, mercaptal acid anhydride, other acid amide suitable alkaline or acid catalysts. The formation of the mercaptal acid or mercaptal ester is suitably accomplished by acidic catalysts, such as hydrochloric acid, sulfonic acids, sodium acid sulfate or other suitable strong acids.

These esters may be used as solvents, plasticizers, or additives for petroleum products but their most valuable fl-keto-acids. Aldehydic alco- The aldehydes and alcohols used in the preparation of these mercaptal' compounds are readily available from well-known petro-chemical processes. The acids are derived from low priced acids as e. g. mercaptoacetic acid from sodium hydrosulfide and chloracetic acid; betamercaptopropionic acid from hydrogen sulfide and acrylic acid; and mercaptosuccinic acid from hydrogen sulfide and maleic acid. The mercaptal ester l'ubes listed above were prepared as'described below; however the scope of the invention is not limited to these methods of manufacture.

Product A.184 g. (2 moles) of mercaptoacetic acid and 1 mole of C Oxo aldehyde (320 g. of a 40% solution (were refluxed with 8 g. of p-toluenesulfonic acid as catalyst and 50 cc. of hexane as water entrainer. After removal ofwater at a liquid temperature of 293 F. and below, 2 moles or 260 g. of C Oxo alcohol were added and more water removed. The product was washed until neutral, and the residue distilling above 310 F. at 5 mm. Hg taken as product which probably has the formula C H CH(SCH COOC H Product B.212 g. (2 moles) of beta-mercaptopropionic acid were mixed with 1 mole of C Oxo aldehyde (660 g. of a solution), 10 g. of p-toluenesulfonic acid and 200 cc. hexane. After removal of water at a liquid temperature of 220 F., 2.4 moles (480 g.) of C Oxo alcohol were added and more water removed. After washing with alkali and stripping to 400 F. liquid temperature, the residue was taken. as product. This product 30 probably has the formula A third group of mercaptals useful for the purposes of the invention'is obtained by reacting chloromethyl thioethers with dithioglycols, preferably stepwise to form complex mercaptals having the general formula wherein R is the hydrocarbon radical of a glycol, A and B may be an organic hydrocarbon, oxygenated or otherwise substituted radical and x may be an integer of about 'l-20. Examples of such complex mercaptals are listed below.

application is their use as synthetic lubricating oils and with aldehydes, particularly formaldehyde or the like, greases. The properties of 3 such mercaptal esters are to form mixed mercaptal-formal compounds or monothio set forth below: formals of the general formula R-S C-O-R" where- TABLE III I Visoosityincs. Aldehyde Mercapto Ester From 1 10 lglals h, 210 F. wow. (A) c8 Oxo Aldehyde-.. Ca OJtIIO ilclolhol+Mereapto --so 415 5,43 32. 1

866 C C (B) 013 0x0 Aldehyde... 013 0x0 Ale0hol+B-Mercap- ,60 425 8. 37' 63.2

' toproplontc Acid. (C) Forma1dehyde 0 0x0 Alcohol+Mercapto- ----40 400 137.0

succinteAetd erably branched-chain group, Qf any source whatever.

gang-rag in R and R" are the radicals,-respectively, of the mercaptan and alcohol used. The preparation of these componentsmay be as follows: I

To 1 mole of the sodium or potassium salt of the mercaptan, slurried in-SOO ml. of benzene, may be added dropwise 0.98 mole of the chloromethylether of the desired alcohol. 'When the reaction is completethe NaCl (or KCl) may be filtered OE and the, product washed successively with water, a saturated Na CO solution, and again with water. After drying over Na CO it may be str ppedt r move nd s r l o ng ompon n such asunreacted starting materials. Some representa tive members of this group and their properties are listed below.

TABLE IV i produced by incorporating small percentages, I e. :g. 2530 wt. percent of an xtr'eme-pressureagentcontainingcsula fur, phosphorus and/or halogen, such as well -known hydrocarbon derivativescontaining both-active halogen and active sulfur intothe mercaptals of the presentinvention. Mercaptals such as those of the C to C .0xo aldehydes are particularly suitable for this purpose.

Lubricating greases in accordance with the invention may be prepared by incorporating into those mercaptals which have lubricating oil qualities, grease-makingproportions, say about- -40;wt.--percent' of a suitable metal soap, preferably an alkali of a high molecular weight fatty-acid having 30 carbon atoms per molecule, 'or a soap-salt complex consisting Lorol*.- s wean s t-CuiHass Nameoi Material or Qhemical Structure /0 H2 h /CH1 CH2 C13Oxo-O Crs0x0-0 "Chore-.0

Sample No 1 2 3 Viscosity, SSU at 100 F 78. 9 124.2 253.5 Viscosity, SSU at 210 F 38.5 :3 43.3 Flash, F 420 Pom, F 35 Percent Sulfur" t; 0 511 35 is Lorol* s t- 0 211 Name of Material or Chemical Structure OH: OH: /OH:

oimwcanmo IIC4H9(0C3H7)30 ncrrmooanmo Sample No 4 5 Viscosity, SSU at F.. 172. 2 70. 1 Viscosity, SSU at 210 F.. 13. 3 38. 0 Flash F 325 405 Pour, F 40 +70 Percent Sulfur- 9. 23

' *Lorol is the tradenan e ot a commercial monohydric alcohol product made by hydrogenation of coconut oil.

Also included in this group are mercaptals prepared by reacting the merca-ptan reaction products of olefin oxides, such as for example C H S--(CH CH O) H with ,chloromethyl thioethers. These mercaptals, have the structure R-S--(C ,,H ,,O) .CH .S-,R where. R may be any oxidized or reduced group of carbon atoms, prefor more. Any olefin oxide suchas ethylene propylene,

etc. may be used. Also used are such oxides as triferred.

alkyl radicals havingat least 4 i carbon atoms, x an integerofat least. 1, andn being 2 "oxides such as ethylene and propylene oxides are pre- R in these formulas may be a normal alkyl or Oxo alkyl group or a secondary, primary or tertia-py allcyl Especially preferred are 0,, mercaptans andmercaptans of polymeric olefins such as areformed by the combinationofhydrogen, sulfide and di-isobutylene.

Products to be converted to mercaptalsmay also be made from alkyl halides" and polyole'fin glycol mercap' tans, e. g. 1

The aldehydes useful forthe mercaptah i'g' reaction d, above.

include formaldehyde, trioxane, paraformaldehyde or 7 aqueous solutions offl'formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, C Oxo aldehyde, Z-ethylhexaldehyde, C Oxo aldehyde.

:Ant,ac id;catalyst may be used.

.As, pointed out before, :all. these merca-ptals; provided they contain. not isubstantially less thaml-S tcarbon atoms and notrsnbstantially. more qthan l30. carbon,atoms per molecule may be .used as lubricating eils, anti-oxidants,

.is obtained which is cooled to form'thefinished grease.

The invention will befurther illustrated byv the following additional examples,

Example I An anti frictiori bearing grease composed of a mineral oil thickened by the alkali fusion product of rapeseed oil was mixed with 0.5% by weight of the C Oxo-rnercaptal product lodescribed above in T ablesI andll. Samples of this grease Wefe subjected to the Norma-Hoifman bomb oxidation test with the-results tabulated below.

No Anti= 0.5% 0 0x0 Oxidant 'Mercaptal Hours Added, Added,

' Pressure Pressure 7 Drop (Lbs-1 1 Drop (Lbs) It will be noted that a small *amount of the mercaptal reduced the pressure drop (i. e. oxygenabsorption) by more than 50%.

:iEm mrlelIl An amount. of 05.2 by. .weis totthe Q Qxo men came re ction pro ct n-Cs plasticizers, .etc- .Extremepressute lubricantsmmay be to butyl rubber.

alde yde wa a ded A ter 1 daysatzlt xl the mol cular or alkaline earthmetal soap Example Ill Ingredients: Wt. percent Complex lithium soap -1:1 mol ratio of lithium soap of Hydrofol acid 54 and crotonic acid; 15.00 Complex ester-C Oxo aldehyde-C Oxo alcohol-beta-mercaptopropionic acid (product B of Table III) 84.00 Phenyl alpha-Naphthylarnine 1.00 1 Hydrogenated fish oil acids having a degree of saturation corresponding to commercial stearic acid.

The ester and the dry soap were mixed together and heated to 500 F. At this temperature the soap dissolved in the ester. The phenyl alpha-naphthylamine was added and dissolved, and the homogeneous molten mass was drawn into pans in shallow layers to cool. On cooling, the grease had the following properties after kettle homogenization.

Appearance Excellent, smooth uniform product. Dropping point, F 442. Penetrations, 77 F. mm./ 10:

Unworked 265. Worked 60 strokes 285. Worked 100,000 strokes (fine hole worker plate) 320. Water solubility 10% loss in water washing test. Example IV Hydrogenated fish oil acids having 1 degree of saturation corresponding to commercial stearic acid.

prepared substantially as described This grease was in Example III.

Properties:

Appearance Smooth, uniform, shortfiber product. Dropping point, F.... 400. Penetrations, 77 F.

Unworked 280.

Worked 60 strokes 295.

Worked 100,000

strokes (fine hole worker plate) Low temperature properties, time/ revolution of 204 bearing packed with grease at 40 F., seconds at 2,000 gramcm. torque 1.2.

In the above grease preparations the greases should be cooled rapidly since otherwise'an undesirable soft structure may be obtained on working.

"12 I Example V Ingredients: I I Wt. percent Complex lithium soap of a co-neutralized hydrogenated fish oil acid and acetic acid in a 1:1 mol radio 15.0 Phenyl alpha-naphthylamine 1.0

Di-t-dodecyl mercaptal of formaldehyde (N0.

. 1 of Table I) 84.0

Preparation-The soap and mercaptal were mixed together while heating to 500 F. The inhibitor was added and the molten grease was then poured into pans and cooled. The cold grease was homogenized in a kettle by mixing.

' Properties:

Appearance Smooth, homogeneous,

orange color. Dropping point, F 462. Penetration, 77 F., mm./

Unworked 180. Worked 60 strokes 200. Worked 100,000

strokes 240. Norma-Hoffman oxidation testHours to 5 p. s. i. drop in oxygen pressure 210. Copper corrosion None. Extreme pressure properties, Almen machine testv Weights carried 15.

Pin condition Pin scratched and slightly worn.

Example VI Ingredients: Wt. percent Complex lithium soap (co-neutralized Hydro fol acid 54 and acetic acid in a 1:1 mol ratio) 7.5 Phenyl alpha-naphthylamine 1.0 Di-t-dodecyl mercaptal o fformaldehyde (No. l 1 of Table I) 91.5

Preparation.-The grease described in Example V was mixed with additional mercaptal and homogenized under high rates. of shear.

Properties:

Appearance Smooth, uniform, yellowish orange. 7 Penetrations, 77 H, mm./ 10- Unworked 285. Worked 60 strokes 300. Worked 100,000

strokes 325. Copper corrosion None. Dropping point, F 424.

Example VII Ingredients: Wt. percent Lithium hydroxy stearate 15.0 Phenyl alpha-naphthylamine 1.0 Di-C mercaptal or formaldehyde 64.0 Naphthenic type mineral oil having a viscosity of 40 SSU at 210 F 20.,0

v. g :r4

PreparatiOr .The grease was prepared substantjially Preparatin.--The greasewas prepared" by mixing-the ,as described tn Example-M. V soap and mixed formal and heating to 500 "F;, pntil m l moltenandeth oi i :P p n V n v A 1 7 en co lug rap dly 1n pans 1n thm layers A earance Y g gg a t-9 6 Properties: nmppingjpoin't, 3 Appearance Smooth un ifiorm grease- :Penetrat ions, 77 mm./ -1 0 Slightly crystallinereunworked k I rtriioved .hY homogemza- .-Worked;60[strokes,.. ,,285;, j I 1 .3 w Solubility, boiling I H V Penetrations, 77 F., I

water Insoluble, .f j Extreme pressure properties, Al- Unworked "7" men machine Items-Weights u 3. z t g as -.1 camed 1 1s f f 365 Example V1" p I Dropping point, E..- 435. p Q i Norma-Hoffman Oxi M The products described in TablelViwere blendediin dationtest, hours to .greaseTthat was free of anti-oxidant. [,The greasesiwere *a- 5 p. s. i. drop in then evaluated in the Norma I lofinian oxidatlongbreakoxygen pressure 175.. down testat 212 F. Results are recorded in TabliejV; -Almen= machine te'stp Weights carried..- 8.

'TABILEV mm warqnrnormxhnmnacaemm Ammo 2'5 Example 3 I Tix'inoms T h'llg 'm Mercaptalof tertiary C mercaptan and C 0x0 Amwxidntflu (From Table toga 5mm ma alcohol. n'Ihe-method; tat-preparation; was: similar" tothat g p 3 Pressure Drop P essurebrop of Example IX This:.mercaptal.-hadxa fiash pomt=of 1 385"! F;,. a pour [iOintEQf 55 Fvan'djaviscosity. ofl24;2 23 2g -SSUP-:.at" :100" F...=and:.40i31"SSU lat-.210 LF.) .Agtease 223 was prepared as follows; 240 360 211 350 35 Ingredients: Wt. percent Complex lithium soap 15.0 Above formal-mercaptal 84.0 It 15 {0 be noted that the mixed mercaptals a Phenyl a1pha naphthy1amine L0 tainthe tertiary group form the best anti-oxidants. In other mill breakdown tests it was found at 325 F. that t the mixed mercaptals at 0.5% concentration were very P 1!! Example good anti-oxidants for polybutene and for GR-I rubber.

Properties: Example IX Appearance Slightly grainy grease on working down from cake. Lorol monosulfideC Oxo mono ether formal fiomogenization removes a this slight grain or rough ps v texture.

CHI Penetrations, 77 F., mm./10 OX0 0 t Unworked 250. was prepared as follows: $3 223 ggs g To a mixture of 137 g. (0.64 mole) of Du Ponts' Strokes 350 Lorol mercaptan and 300 ml. of benzene was added 41.2 g. (0.62 mole) of potassium hydroxide. The mixture was refluxed until no more water was collected in the trap. Then 155 g. (0.62 mole) of the chloromethyl ether of C -Oxo alcohol was added dropwise. When the reaction was complete as indicated by cooling-0K of the mixture, the potassium chloride was filtered 0E and the product was washed once with water, twice with saturated sodium carbonate solution and once again with water, then dried over sodium carbonate and stripped Example Xl at 396 F. liquid temperature and 1 mm. Hg pressure.

This material had a flash point of 425 F., a pour point The formal of C1611 tertiary m ercaptan and C 0x0 of +5 F., a viscosity of 78.9 cs. at 100 F. and 38.5 at R A grease was prepared from this material alcohol was prepared stmtlarly as described in Example IX. It had a flash point of 420 F., a pour point of Dropping point, F 420. Almen machine test- Weights carried"..- 9. Norma-Hoffman Oxidation test, hours to 5 p. s. i. drop in oxy- I gen pressure 210.

as 35 F. and a viscosity of 43.3 SSU at 210 F. and 253.5 Ingredients: Wt percent SSU at 100 F. A grease was prepared as follows.

Complex lithium soap 15.0 Mixed Lorol-C Oxo mercaptal formal-.." 84.0 Ingredients: Wt. percent Phenyl alpha-naphthylamine 1.0 Complex lithium soap 15.0

10 1 1 1 m 1 f H dr f 1 54: d 6 M m Above formalr-mercaptal om 8X S08. 1 O 10 O O O 8.11 1' O I sold co-iieutrahz ed and dried. y Phenyl alPha'naphthylamme amen 15 Preparation-As in, Example IX.

Properties:

, Appearance Slightly grainy grease which homogenizes smooth. Penetrations, 77 F.,

' Unworked 265. 'Worked 275. Worked 100,000

strokes; 340. Dropping point, F 435.

Almen machine test- Weights carried Norma-Hoffman Oxidation test, hours to 5 p. s. i. drop in oxygen pressure 192. I V The invention is not limited to'the specific figures of the foregoing examples. The relative proportions of the materials used may be.varied within the limits indicated in the specification to obtain products of varying characteristics.

What is claimed is: 1. A normally liquid material useful as a synthetic lubricant having the general 'formula:

'wherein R is a hydrocarbon radicalderived from a mer J6 chain aldehyde selected from the group consisting of octylaldehyde and tridecanal.

2. A normally liquid material according to claim 1, wherein said octylaldehyde and tridecanal are prepared by the catalytic carboxylation of an olefin with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the 0x0 process.

3. A normally liquid material accordingto claim 1, wherein said octylaldehyde is Z-ethylhexylaldehyde.

4. A material according to claim 1, wherein R is an n-octyl alkyl group and said aldehyde is octylaldehyde.

5. A material according to claim 1, wherein R is a tertiary dodecyl al yl group and said aldehyde is octylaldehyde. 7

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,223,693 Martin Dec. 3, 1940 2,318,629 Pratton May 11, 1943 2,346,153 Denison et al Apr. 11, 1944 2,361,803 Wilson Oct. 31, 1944 2,369,612 Schirm Feb. 13, 1945 2,415,002 Brusoh Jan. 28, 1947 2,442,341 Crouch June 17, 1947 2,450,221 Ashburn et a1 Sept. 28, 1948 2,522,669 Frank Sept. 19, 1950 2,543,325 Mattson Feb. 27, 1951 2,552,510 Barker May 15, 1951 2,556,134 Croxall June, 5, ,1951 2,560,531 Kipnis July 17, 1951 2,562,144 Harmon et al July 24, 1951 

1. A NORMALLY LIQUID MATERIAL USEFUL AS A SYNTHETIC LUBRICANT HAVING THE GENERAL FORMULA: (RS)2CHR'' WHEREIN R IS A HYDROCARBON RADICAL DERVED FROM A MERCAPTAN AND IS SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF N-OCTYL AND T-DODECY ALKYL GROUPS AND R'' IS THE HYDROCARBON RADICAL ATTACHED TO THE CHO GROUP OF A BRABCHEDCHAIN ALDEHYDE SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF OCTYLALDEHYDE AND TRIDECANAL. 